layout printing
1.click layout
2. clear screen
-select border
3.page setup
-right click ' Layout 1' click page setup manager
4.modify - printer (DWG To PDF)

Layers
-click first icon layer properties
-then new layer
-add layers
-change colour
-start drawing windows ,door and wall
-freeze n thaw the layers
-better not to off the colour layer
-will accidentally delete the drawings when u couldnt see
-if u move objects, objects that is not lock only can be moved
-whatever thing that is drawn in layer Defpoint wil not be printed out
-Dont draw on Defpoint, its a layer it created by themselve ,just ignore it
-layers properties can change linetype

-type (ltscale) enter
-they ask u for scale
-click no. like 5.
-the scale factor of the dotted line will change

1. change text size
2.click linear show dimension first
3. click annotate
d enter
modify

dimension style manager
modify dimension style
no need right click prepertise anymore
all the font wil be changed. not one by one

if wanna put centre mark into a circle ,
annotate- dimension- centre mark- click on circle

dimension break
change break  size to 20
click dimension break
select dimension
select object

modify
text alignment
iso standard .

supress means delete the lines


extension line
chhoose architecture tick
only chnage extend beyond ticks

offset from origin , to make the dimensions move further away from object

baseline
continue

Chong Khei Mink (Felicia) 

Chong Khei Mink (Felicia)
0322359

Chong Khei Mink
0322359
Construction and Technology 
Assignment 2: Site study 

Group members
-Yuki
-Stella Chung
-Lulu Chen
-Jia Min Koh

The site we have chosen for this site study is my house in Slim River.  My group members followed me back to my hometown once just to study the site and to record the observation.  I've chosen roofing system as my part. 
Roofing system

Introduction 
Based on my studies about roof for this site study, I realized that there are various kind of roof structures in different context purportedly designed to be climate responsive.  For example, there are specific roof to withstand low temperature and snow falling.

In our country, our residential building which is tropical architecture, expose to strong sun radiation and high rainfall throughout the year, thus, we need specific roof system which provide heat insulation. 

For tropical context,  aluminum foil and bubble foil are one of the most known reflective type of insulation. Bubble foil which is often considered as a type of aluminum foil too, is also used though not very common. Bubble foil provides a more efficient heat insulation. It is mainly used in higher budgeted buildings due to its high cost. However,  aluminum foil is normally used as sarking, which essentially acts as radiant barrier to reflect the sun heat and acts as vapor barrier. Because, without the aluminum foil, the warm and humid air will come in contact with cool air-conditioned surface would create condensation which in the long term can affect the integrity of roof structure. In case of timber structure, it will eventually rot. Furthermore, aluminum foil is ideally used together with rockwool or bubble foil to reduce heat more substantially. Rockwool and glasswool are materials that can be applied as loose fills or blanket insulation. 

Roof layers from framing to roof tiles (Underlayment) 

• Chicken wire 
• Aluminium foil - used as sarking, which essentially acts as radiant barrier to reflect the sun heat and acts as vapor barrier
• Rock wool - fire resistant, durable, heat insulation
• Purlins -  as a form of support for rafters and are horizontal structural members in a building, architecture or structural engineering
• Rafter-
one of a series of sloped structural members (beams) that extend from the ridge or hip to the wall plate, downslope perimeter or eave, and that are designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads
• Ridge End Cap – Used for capping horizontal ridge ends. It overlaps on both Left and Right Verge Tiles to provide a good finish

 Roof terminology

• Ridge tile - Used on horizontal/main ridge formed by 2 roof slopes. Internal width 220mm. Coverage 3 pieces/metre
• Verge tile- Provide water-tightness to roof edge and lends a solid appearance 
• Top fixture
• End band - Starter tile at eaves area of a roof hip. It gives aesthetic finishes and water-tightness

• Ridge tile-Used on horizontal/main ridge formed by 2 roof slopes. Internal width 220mm. Coverage 3 pieces/metre
• Apex - the highest point of the truss 
• Webs -a short aluminum which runs from the bottom the bottom chord to the top chord
• Purlins- as a form of support for rafters and are horizontal structural members in a building, architecture or structural engineering
• Eaves board (Fascia) -an architectural term for a vertical frieze or band under a roof edge
• Overhang- the top chord which extends from the wall 
• Wall plate
• Collar beam
• Nail plate
• RC wall-  to support the load of roof structure 

Slopping Flat Truss  A Sloping Flat Truss is used to create a vaulted ceiling. It may be top or bottom chord bearing. This truss has parallel chords, both of which slope at the same angle, with a vertical post at each end.

Triple Howe Truss Howe Trusses are meant to span up to 36 feet and a Double Howe is rated for as much as 60 feet. The longest Howe Truss design is the Triple Howe, and it is designed for spans ranging from 54 feet to 80 feet in length. How clay roof tiles are secured to the roof

Corrosion-resistant nails must be minimum 11 gauge, with 5/16 -inch heads, and long enough to penetrate the sheathing by 3/4 inch—typically 8d nails.
Whether driven by hand or pneumatic nailers, nails should be driven so heads lightly touch the tile but not so tight as to risk cracking tiles. 
Because of the longevity of a tile roof, some contractors use copper or stainless-steel roofing nails. No. 8 or 9 stainless-steel or brass screws also work well and are sometimes used in high-wind regions.
Based on the information I got from the contractor who built the residential building on our chosen site, he stated that even though in theory, all tiles with holes should be nailed but when comes into practical, laying the tiles on the purlins one by one, overlapping each other, they only nailed the first row and the last row of the tiles. Because it will be more flexible when comes to repair. Tiles can be replaced easily if it's not nailed. Furthermore, mortar is not added in the gap of the tiles. 

Chong Khei Mink (Felicia)